Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1963. dj. Hardcover first edition - The author's first book and an authoritative and important study of African American thought and culture from the close of the Civil War to World War I. In addition to describing the development of Booker T. Washington's philosophy , he looks at the ideas of such leaders as Frederick Douglass, A.H. Grimke, Alexander Crummell, and W.E.B. Du Bois. Bibliographical note, extensive other notes, index. xii, 336 pgs.